The type of earring predominates in the Golden Horde burial sites of the Volga-Don region. The earrings consist of a wire stem bent like a question mark, often with a bead at the end. The form of earrings was already known in Scythian times in the Altai region. Similar forms were found in Xiongnu burials and in Yakutia until the 19th century. In the Volga region, these earrings appeared in the mid-13th century.
According to German Alexeyevich Fedorov-Davydov, question mark-shaped earrings were not an ethnic marker and were quite widespread in medieval Khwarezm monuments. Among Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Tatars, they persisted until the late medieval period.
The earrings of this type are found in both female and male burials. According to historians, men wore a single earring in the left ear as a talisman and in some cases as a special mark emphasizing their warrior status.
